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Napoleon Zervas
Napoleon Zervas ((ギリシア語:Ναπολέων Ζέρβας); Arta, May 17, 1891 – Athens, December 10, 1957) was a Greek general and resistance leader during World War II. He organized and led the National Republican Greek League (EDES), the second most significant (after EAM), in terms of size and activity, resistance organization against the Axis Occupation of Greece.
==Early life and army career==
Zervas was born in Arta, Epirus, and was of Souliote origin.〔Alexandros L. Zaousēs, Hetairia Meletēs Hellēnikēs Historias. (''Οι δύο όχθες, 1939-1945: μία προσπάθεια για εθνική συμφιλίωση''. ) Ekdoseis Papazēsē, 1987, p. 110.〕 After finishing high school in 1910, he volunteered for the Hellenic Army. During the Balkan Wars, he was promoted to the rank of first sergeant. Later he attended the Hellenic Army NCO School and graduated as sergeant major in 1914.
Zervas was a fanatic Venizelist, and in 1916 he was among the very first to join the venizelist Movement of National Defence in Thessaloniki. He served with distinction in many battles of the Macedonian front during World War I, being eventually promoted to Major. After the defeat of Venizelos' Liberal Party in the elections of 1920, he fled to Constantinople. He only returned to Athens in late 1922, after the Revolution of September 1922, and rejoined the Army.
Three years later, after the establishment of General Theodoros Pangalos' dictatorship (June 1925), he was appointed as Garrison Commander of the city of Athens and at the same time, took command of the Second Battalion of the Republican Guard. These troops served as the main strongholds of Pangalos' military regime in the capital. Nevertheless, Zervas participated in the coup d'état of 22 August 1926, led by General Georgios Kondylis, that overthrew Pangalos. Zervas however confronted Kondylis a month later, when the new strongman sought to disarm and dissolve the Republican Guard. Bloody battles took place in Athens between Zervas' battalion and the governmental forces. After his defeat, Zervas was sentenced to life in prison. However, two years later, the newly established republican government of Eleftherios Venizelos (the Liberals' government of 1928-1932), granted him amnesty and Zervas was named Lieutenant Colonel in retirement.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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